Impact of Dysenaemia in the Intensive Care Unit in the Emergency Department of the ORAN Hospital

Dysatremias are among the most common hydroelectrolytic disorders encountered in intensive care resuscitation. This prospective, transversal descriptive study conducted over two months (August-September 2016) in the Medical Emergency Resuscitation Department of CHU ORAN examined the frequency, etiologies, and clinical outcomes of dysnatremia in hospitalized patients. Among 36 patients admitted to the emergency department, 63% (n=23) presented with dysenaemia, with hypernatremia accounting for 96% of cases and hyponatremia for 4%. The majority of patients (82.85%) were under 60 years old, and 70% were admitted due to brain damage. Hypernatremia was associated with a 68% mortality rate, confirming poor prognosis. Many dysatremias were found to be iatrogenic in origin, resulting from excessive uncontrolled fluid replacement and lack of free access to water. Treatment included enteral water supplementation, 5% glucose serum via parenteral route, and desmopressin. The findings suggest that dysatremias significantly impact patient outcomes and highlight the importance of preventive screening and rigorous management protocols in intensive care settings.