How gravitational time dilation affects the flow of time on different astrophysical entities: exoplanets, stars and compact objects

Gravitational time dilation, derived from Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, describes how mass curves spacetime and influences the passage of time for different observers. Time runs slower in stronger gravitational fields, an effect most pronounced near compact celestial bodies such as neutron stars, black holes, and white dwarfs. This research examines gravitational time dilation across exoplanets, stars, and compact objects, with applications to GPS technology and relativistic effects on cosmic evolution. A dataset of 1,288 exoplanets was analyzed to compare time dilation effects across diverse astrophysical systems.