Challenges of Soil Fertility Management Under Changing Climatic Conditions: A Review

Climate change represents a serious threat to global food security through its effects on soil and crop production. Changes in temperature and rainfall patterns significantly impact soil organic matter, nutrient cycles, and agricultural productivity. Improved soil management practices—including organic farming, cover crop rotation, conservation agriculture, and agroforestry—increase soil organic carbon and enhance resilience. These practices produce fertile soils rich in organic matter, require fewer chemical inputs, and maintain essential ecosystem services. Soil fertility management can boost agricultural adaptation to extreme weather, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and reverse carbon losses from soils, making it critical for food security and sustainability.