A Review on Potential Antioxidant Effects of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Phytochemical Profile and Its Uses

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), commonly known as 'zeera', is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae widely used as a spice and flavoring agent. This review examines the antioxidant properties and biomedical activities of cumin seeds, essential oil, and their bioactive constituents including terpenes, phenols, and flavonoids. Multiple pre-clinical and clinical studies have validated cumin's beneficial effects in treating diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, respiratory issues, inflammatory diseases, and various cancers. The phytochemical profile includes important compounds such as cuminaldehyde, limonene, thymoquinone, and various terpenes. Evidence supports cumin's use independently or as an adjunct to conventional medications for antimicrobial, antifungal, anticarcinogenic, and antidiabetic applications. This comprehensive review consolidates current scientific knowledge on cumin's therapeutic potential and practical applications in traditional and modern medicine.