Cause and Effects of Unpaved Road Deterioration: A Review

The development and condition of the road environment are essential for economic growth. In Ethiopia, unpaved roads comprise a significant portion of the road network and rapidly deteriorate due to surface material loss. This study evaluates surface material loss and deterioration in unpaved roads by reviewing extensive literature on road deterioration factors. The combined effects of excessive traffic loading, poor material quality, inadequate drainage, and road geometry were identified as primary causes. Important maintenance activities necessary to keep roads in acceptable condition for users are discussed, including surface maintenance, drainage management, and roadside protection measures.